Which term indicates criminality linked to genetic or physiological factors?

• A. Biological theories
• B. Genetic theories
• C. Public awareness campaigns
• D. Deviance

Answer: (A)

Biological theories explain criminal behaviour by looking at biological factors—genetic influences, brain structure and function, hormones, and other physiological processes. Because they address how both inherited traits and bodily functioning can shape tendencies toward crime, they’re the most appropriate term for criminality linked to genetic or physiological factors.

Genetic theories focus only on heredity, which is narrower than biology as a whole. Public awareness campaigns are about informing the public and preventing crime, not explaining why crime occurs. Deviance is a broad label for behavior that violates norms and doesn’t specifically tie to biological causes.