Which term denotes techniques addressing crime through physical design?

• A. Behavioural Measures
• B. Token Economy
• C. Environmental Measures
• D. ASBO

Answer: (C)

Addressing crime through physical design means changing the built environment to reduce opportunities for crime and to make crime harder to commit. This approach is often linked to Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, focusing on features like better lighting, clear sightlines, controlled access, and well-maintained spaces that encourage legitimate use and natural surveillance. The best fit here is Environmental Measures, because it directly names the idea of using design and the physical environment to deter crime rather than changing people’s behavior or imposing sanctions after issues arise.

The other options relate to behavior or punishment rather than design: behavioural measures and token economy are about shaping actions through reward or consequence systems, while ASBOs are legal orders aimed at restricting anti-social behaviour rather than altering the physical space.