Which term defines actions that are illegal by law?

• A. Deviance
• B. Criminal behaviour
• C. Biological theories
• D. Genetic theories

Answer: (B)

This question tests understanding of the difference between actions that breach legal statutes and those that violate social norms. Actions illegal by law are described as criminal behaviour because they are defined and prosecutable under the justice system. Deviance covers behaviours that violate social norms and values, which can be disapproved of without necessarily breaking the law; not all deviant acts are crimes. Theories labeled as biological or genetic explain why people might commit crime, but they are about explanations for criminal behaviour rather than what the behaviour itself is. So the term that best defines actions illegal by law is criminal behaviour.