Which framework argues that behavior is shaped by interactions with the environment?

• A. Psychodynamic Theories
• B. Learning Theories
• C. Physiological Theories
• D. Individualistic Theories

Answer: (B)

Behavior is shaped by interactions with the environment. Learning theories argue that behavior is acquired and modified through experiences with surroundings—the rewards, punishments, and models we encounter. In criminology, this means people can pick up, imitate, and reinforce criminal acts based on what they observe and the consequences that follow, within their social context. Concepts like conditioning and social learning explain how environmental cues and reinforcement shape choices and actions, including deviant ones.

Other frameworks focus on what happens inside the person rather than in the surrounding environment. Psychodynamic theories emphasize unconscious drives and early experiences affecting behavior. Physiological theories point to biology and brain processes as the root of actions. Individualistic theories stress personal traits and free will rather than the influence of external interactions. So the statement about behavior being shaped by environmental interactions fits best with Learning Theories.