Which assessment is designed to evaluate learning at the end of instruction?

• A. Formative Assessment.
• B. Summative Assessment.
• C. Controlled Assessment.
• D. Diagnostic Assessment.

Answer: (B)

End-of-instruction learning is assessed through a summative assessment. This type of assessment aims to measure what students have learned after the teaching period is finished, often contributing to the final grade for a unit or course. It provides a clear snapshot of achievement against defined objectives once instruction has concluded. In contrast, formative assessment happens during learning to monitor progress and guide next steps, diagnostic assessment looks at what a student already knows before starting, and controlled assessment refers to assessments conducted under specific, supervised conditions—not specifically about evaluating learning solely at the end of instruction.