Which approach is described as focusing on practical, real-world considerations and the stability of social order?

• A. Marxism
• B. Social structure
• C. Freud
• D. Realism

Answer: (D)

Realism in criminology is about handling crime through practical, real-world considerations and prioritising the maintenance of social order. It asks what works in policing, punishment, and policy to deter crime and keep communities stable, focusing on real outcomes in the here and now. This emphasis on practical effectiveness for preserving order sets it apart. Other perspectives look at different angles: Marxism focuses on economic structures and class power, Freud on individual psychology, and social-structure theories examine how institutions shape behavior. But the practical, order-focused approach described is the hallmark of Realism.